Section-478 : Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc

1. Section-478 as per act

1. If a person wilfully attempts in any manner whatsoever to evade any tax, penalty or interest chargeable or imposable, or under-reports his income, under this Act, he shall be punishable,—
   
   
   1. in a case, where the amount sought to be evaded or tax on under-reported income exceeds twenty-five lakh rupees, with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to seven years, and with fine;
   2. in any other case, with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three months but which may extend to two years, and with fine.
2. If a person wilfully attempts in any manner to evade the payment of any tax, penalty or interest under this Act, he shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three months but which may extend to two years and shall, in the discretion of the court, also be liable to fine.
3. The punishment referred to in this section, shall be without prejudice to any penalty that may be imposable under any other provision of this Act.
4. For the purposes of this section, a wilful attempt to evade any tax, penalty or interest chargeable or imposable under this Act, or the payment thereof, shall include a case where any person—
   
   
   1. has in his possession or control any books of account or other documents (being books of account or other documents relevant to any proceeding under this Act) containing a false entry or statement; or
   2. makes or causes to be made any false entry or statement in such books of account or other documents; or
   3. wilfully omits or causes to be omitted any relevant entry or statement in such books of account or other documents; or
   4. causes any other circumstance to exist which will have the effect of enabling such person to evade any tax, penalty or interest chargeable or imposable under this Act or the payment thereof.

2. Help and useful links for Section-478

1. Income Tax Help Center
2. Income Tax Act 2025 Home
3. Self Service (DIY) Income Tax Filing made Easy
4. Income Tax Penalties: What and When?