Section-102: Unexplained credits

Section-102 : Unexplained credits

Section-102 provides for the circumstances or conditions in which any sum found credited in the books of account maintained by the assessee shall be considered as unexplained credits and be included in the total income of the assessee. Learn to understand the section-102 as it is, it's help and useful links to follow.

Here onwards, "Act" refers to "Income Tax Act 2025"

1. Section-102 as per act

Where any sum is found credited in the books of account maintained by the assessee for any tax year, and––
1. the assessee offers no explanation about the nature and source of such credit; or
2. the explanation offered by assessee is not satisfactory in the opinion of the Assessing Officer,
then, the sum so credited shall be charged to income-tax as income of the assessee of that tax year.
If the sum so credited consists of loan or borrowing, or any such amount, by whatever name called, the explanation offered by such assessee shall be deemed to be not satisfactory, unless,—
1. the person in whose name such credit is recorded in the books of such assessee also offers an explanation about the nature and source of such sum so credited; and
2. such explanation, in the opinion of the Assessing Officer referred to in sub-section (1), has been found to be satisfactory.
If the assessee is a company (not being a company in which the public are substantially interested), and the sum so credited consists of share application money, share capital, share premium, or any such amount, by whatever name called, the explanation offered by such assessee company shall be deemed to be not satisfactory, unless—
1. the person, being a resident in whose name such credit is recorded in the books of such company also offers an explanation about the nature and source of such sum so credited; and
2. such explanation, in the opinion of the Assessing Officer referred to in sub-section (1), has been found to be satisfactory.
Nothing contained in sub-section (2) or (3) shall apply if the person, in whose name the sum referred to in those sub-sections is recorded, is a venture capital fund or a venture capital company as referred to in Schedule V (Table: Sl. No. 6).